Understanding Squib Loads

Most responsible gun owners should have a decent grasp of the basics when it comes to safe handling. Beyond this, there are also a number of ammo and firing related issues to consider. Understanding the causes, warning signs, and proper response to a squib load for instance, is crucial for every shooter’s safety. 

What is a Squib Load Exactly?

It is defined as a malfunction in which a fired round does not have enough force to propel the bullet entirely through the barrel. As a result, the bullet becomes lodged inside the bore. This typically happens when the cartridge lacks the correct amount of gunpowder or when the powder fails to ignite properly, creating insufficient pressure behind the projectile.

Squib loads are most commonly seen in handloaded or reloaded ammunition, but they can also occur more rarely with factory rounds. Regardless of the cause, a squib load is a dangerous condition that requires immediate attention.

 Why Are They Dangerous?

Firing another round behind a bullet lodged in the barrel can lead to catastrophic failure of the firearm. The buildup of pressure with nowhere to go can cause the barrel to bulge, crack, or even explode – potentially resulting in serious injury or death to the shooter and bystanders. Even if no one is hurt, a squib-induced barrel obstruction can destroy an otherwise perfectly good firearm.

 How to Recognize

Here are some key signs to watch for:

• A noticeable difference in the sound the discharge makes once you pull the trigger
• In semi-automatic firearms, a squib load may not provide enough pressure to cycle the action
• If the bullet impact is not visible downrange or near your intended target
• If you see any form of obstruction when looking down the barrel (safely from the chamber end)

What to Do

If you think you’ve experienced a squib load, stop shooting immediately. Here’s how to handle the situation safely:

Always engage the safety and remove the magazine if applicable. Also ensure that there is no live round in the chamber.

Inspect the barrel with a cleaning rod or a bore light. If the bullet is visible or if the rod does not pass freely through the barrel, you likely have an obstruction.

Never attempt to ‘clear’ a stuck bullet by firing another round.

If you’re experienced, you can try to gently tap the bullet out with a dowel and a mallet, pushing from the chamber end. Do not use steel tools that can damage the rifling or barrel.

If you’re uncomfortable performing the removal yourself, or if the obstruction is lodged deeply or tightly, take the firearm to a qualified gunsmith. Best not to take any chances.

Preventing Squib Loads

While you can’t always prevent factory ammunition malfunctions, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. Be sure to inspect each round of your ammo – looking for damage or any flaws that could potentially cause issues. Always use reliable loads and be extra diligent with double-checking your powder charges and reloading processes/equipment. Lastly, maintain focus on your shooting and your equipment, not letting any distractions prevent you from noticing any tell-tale sounds or behavior from your firearm.

Taking a few extra moments to recognize and correct a squib load can be the difference between a safe day at the range or in the field, and one that has the potential for serious damage and injury.