Ricochet Control

One critical aspect of firearm safety that is often overlooked, is understanding and avoiding ricochets. Although they are dangerous, there are essential tips and techniques that can be employed to minimize the risk of these unpredictable deflections, and to help ensure a safer shooting experience.

Ricochets are much more common than you think. They happen frequently at the range, while hunting or when you’re doing a little random plinking out in the wild. Bullets typically like to keep moving, even if they’ve come into contact with something, and the resulting re-direction can create real problems. Although the velocity will be reduced somewhat, serious injuries, property damage or even fatalities can occur. In certain cases, a bullet may rebound at an angle similar to how it impacted (which can be bad enough), but it’s the unpredictable nature of the new trajectory that can result in the worst situations.

Factors that can increase the likelihood of a ricochet would include:

The material composition of the impact surface plays a big role in the ricochet potential. Depending on the degree of hardness or elasticity (give) of the surface, the projectile is more or less likely to bounce off.

The angle at which a bullet strikes a surface also makes a big difference. A shallow angle is more likely to produce a deflection, while a steeper angle may increase the chances of penetration or a more predictable bounce.

The construction of the bullet itself can influence whether it will ricochet. Jacketed, steel or piercing projectiles are more likely to deflect vs. their softer, lead counterparts.

Higher velocity and smaller caliber bullets may be more prone to ricocheting because they can be less likely to deform upon impact.

Surface texture can affect the behavior of a bullet upon impact. A smooth surface may allow the bullet to deflect or ‘skip’ more easily, while one with more texture or ‘bite’ may absorb the energy more.

How to Avoid

Ricochets that are a product of controlled deflection at a range are acceptable, as they cause little to no risk to anyone or anything in the vicinity. It’s the completely unpredictable variety that are the real issue. When you hear that telltale whistle off the target, you know it can’t be good.

Choose the Right Ammunition

Full metal jacket (FMJ) bullets have a hard, smooth surface that can increase the likelihood of bouncing errantly off hard surfaces (if shot at a bad angle). Anything steel core can also be a problem. Opting for lead or soft-point ammunition that is designed to expand upon impact can help reduce the risk. Be aware of the correct caliber to use with your targets. Frangible ammo is also a good option.

Know Your Backstop & Beyond

Always be aware of what is around or behind your target. Ensure that there is a safe backstop that can effectively absorb bullets without causing harm or damage. Earthen berms are popular, but there are other designs and materials that can be effective. Bullet traps are also an effective way to control projectiles and a good way to keep the target area free of debris.

Avoid Shooting at Hard or Flat Surfaces

Avoid shooting at targets that may cause unpredictable ricochets, such as rocks, hard ground, flat metal surfaces, or water. Always choose soft and penetrable targets when possible. Also avoid shooting at anything that doesn’t qualify as an actual target such as trees, buildings or other structures, signs, abandoned vehicles or any type of ‘junk’ you may find outdoors.

Be Aware of the Angle of Impact

Shooting at a perpendicular angle to the surface is more likely to result in a direct impact, reducing the risk of uncontrolled deflection. Avoid shooting at shallow angles, as this increases the chances of a bullet skimming the surface and bouncing off unpredictably.

Maintain a Safe Distance

Keep a safe distance from hard target surfaces, even if they are part of the shooting range.  That could be up to 100 yards depending on the target thickness/type, the gun and the caliber of the ammo being used. There are some variables here of course.

Understand Your Steel Targets

The use of AR500 certified steel is the standard for target construction. The installation and set-up process should always follow manufacturer guidelines, to ensure that they function correctly and safely. Be sure to use the proper target type and thickness based on the ammunition and caliber being used. The ratings may vary, and you don’t want to be making any assumptions. Static targets are typically configured with an approximate 20 degree down angle and reactive targets should move freely per their design. Be sure that targets are replaced if they become overly pitted or damaged in any way.

Shoot Safely & Stay Informed

Maintaining a stable grip, stance and body position while shooting will help to promote overall control and accuracy. Additionally, understanding your firearm, your ammo and the guidelines of the shooting facility will go a long way towards minimizing the risk of any accidents occurring. When in doubt, be sure to seek advice from a more experienced shooter or range official.

While ricochets can pose a significant safety concern, the overall risk can be minimized through the application of some informed shooting practices, a healthy dose of precaution, and a little common sense.